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黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)的种群繁殖参数及其地理分异特征

杨再学 郑元利 金 星
( 1.贵州省余庆县植保植检站,贵州 余庆 564400;2.贵州省植保植检站,贵阳 550001 )

摘 要:黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)是我国广大地区的主要害鼠之一,是余庆县农田害鼠优势种,占总鼠数的94.81%。探讨其种群繁殖参数的变动规律及其地理分异特征,对其种群数量预测预报具有重要意义。通过对1987~2005年贵州省余庆县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数分析结果表明:研究期间共解剖标本5497只,其中,雌鼠2698只,雄鼠2799只,黑线姬鼠在当地1~11月份均可繁殖,主要繁殖期在3~10月份,每年4~5月份和8~9月份出现2次妊娠高峰。种群总性比(♀/♂)为0.96,多年平均怀孕率为36.91%±6.79%,平均胎仔数为5.33±1.07只,平均繁殖指数为0.81±0.17,平均睾丸下降率为59.13%±7.89%。不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长繁殖力不断增加,成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组是种群繁殖的主体。种群繁殖参数不同年度之间比较稳定,不同月份、不同季节之间变化差异较大,具有明显的季节变化特征。年均种群密度与年均繁殖指数呈极显著正相关,与胎仔数显著正相关,与年均怀孕率、睾丸下降率、性比相关性不显著,繁殖指数是影响黑线姬鼠种群密度的重要因子。比较全国各地黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数的地理分异特征认为,黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数具有明显的地理分异现象,胎仔数、生殖强度由南向北逐渐增加,具有随纬度的升高趋向增加的特征;在高纬度地区繁殖时间较短;性比与纬度、经度的变化关系密切;各繁殖参数与海拔的变化相关性不明显,可排除海拔因素的影响。

关键词: 黑线姬鼠;繁殖参数;年龄变化;时间分异;地理分异

中图分类号: Q142,Q958.1;S443.5 文献标识码: A   文章编号:

参考文献:
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